Night-light.



uNiTnn sTnTns PATENT onirica.

CHARLES H. HAWKINS, OF FREEPORT, AND CHARLES W. SMITH AND HERBERT E. SCHANZENBACH, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNORS T0 THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY OE NEW YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

NIGHT-LIGHT.

Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 7, 1916.

Application filed July 3, 1915. Serial No. 38,027.

To all whom/'it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES I-I. HAW- KINs, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the town of Freeport, county of Nassau, and State of New York, and CHARLES W. SMITH and HERBERT E. ScHAN- ZENBACH, citizens of the United States, and residents of the borough of Brooklyn, county of Kings, city and State of New York, have jointly invented a new and useful Improvement in Night-Lights, of which the following is a specification.

As night lights have heretofore been constructed a difficulty exists which seriously affects theirl usefulness, that is to say, the wick, which is necessarily a small, flimsy affair, composed vusually of a few strands of cotton material, upon being ignited, burns for a time satisfactorily. Soon, however, as the waX,or other fuel, meltsabout the wick, usually to a depth ofl about/half an inch, the' support it afforded to the wick i. when cold is removed and consequently, particularly if any considerable amount of ash forms upon the wick, it top'ples over by its own weight and falling into the molten wax is extinguished, or if it does not topple over of its own weight, the blast of air from the mouth of one blowing out the light is very apt to blow it over, resulting in the same submergence in the meltedl wax, with the resulting extinction. In order 'to obviate this difficulty, thel makers of such lights have heretofore employed 'various means of stiffor air drafts, are apt to become disconnected from the support so that they are apt to fall fore, with the same results.

over or subside into the molten wax as be- Furthermore, the introduction of the wicking into the molten wax in the first instanceduring the making of the light is attended with difficulty and more or less expense. It is necessary to connect the lower end of the wicking with a suitable support or anchor, usually a metal device of some sort, and the upper end of the wick has to be supported upon a removable cross bar of ysome sort which spans across the upper end of the receptacle forming the container of the night light, so that the wick will be properly centered. The wax or other fuel is then poured in carefully so as not to displace the now centered wicking and then its upper end has to be disconnected from the supporting cross bar, which is then removed. t

Under our invention we obvia'te all these ditliculties and secure a superior light.

Referring to the drawings, Figure l is a vertical sectional view of a night light embodying our invention in its complete form; Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing the night light in operation; Fig. 3 is a View similar to Figs. l and 2, showing the condition and position of the parts after the light has been used, extinguished and has again become cold; Fig. 4C is a plan view. l

In the drawings .we have illustrated the container of the light as an ordinary glass tumbler'. This is so that it may be used for household purposes after its use as a night lighthas ceasedbecause of the consumption of allthe wax yor fuel. It will of course be understood that any suitable container may be used, glass, metal, asbestos, or other suitable substance." may be employed and that-its shape is immaterial.

yIn the drawings l represents the container or receptacle in this case a tumbler.

2 represents the fuel, `usually wax, paraiiin or any equivalent substance, which we prefer should not more than; about twothirds fill the container, so that it shall act as a wind shield to preyentthe extinguishment of the flameby air drafts. 3 repre- Snts ajcandle made of inflammable mate- `r`1 al, usually wax, and provided with a 'suit ...'ablewickl, which is Supported at its lower endby-a suitable support 5, which we prefer to1-make olv metal.

n It is not essential 'that' support .be made in the form of a 'as shown, because any suitable supt port, irrespective oflts shape, having, perhaps,-a `centrally located pin adapted to en# ter thelowe'r'end'of the candle may be used,

vvin' short, any 'device' for supportingy the` l candle is vall 4that is necessary.

. T hecandle 3 i'svumade of wax, or equiva" lent materlal having a higher melting point` than the'body of wax or fuel 2in the container, so that.it will not melts'o readily as the fuel, on the contrary, will retainits form and solldlty during the burning of the light almost, but noty quite to the top of the molten fuel, so that the wickv will. permanently have a rigid and substantial suppOrt'almOSt, Vif not quite tothe surface of `the'melted fuel as illustrated in Figs; 2.and

t 3'.' Bylthis means. the. wick'will alwaysbe -2'5' reliably' .supported and will be prevented from topplingbrbeing blown over. f3 Thus 'it w-illalways'maintain an upright position,

' inthe container.-

t 1 4:[tvvillbe noted thatfthe defects in lamps vas heretofore madea-ielgavoided, that' is to fsay', there, -is 1.110. necessity.-"for a metallic,

itsupper end projecting substantial-ly above the upper. surface .of the wax, whether melted or solid, and irrespective of its'level broom straw,for other supportlfor' the wick. There is 'no lpossibility that. a considerable length' of the wick. shall be left unsupported becauseof the" melting ofthe wax. or fuel,-y

. thusmaking it 'lia-ble to subside l.into and be ".th'ere is no occasion for the annoying and4 timevtaking devices above .described for cenextinguished by the molten wax and-lastly,

teringand supporting the .wick during the llinanufacture of thellght because all .that is necessary in the manufacture of our lights. is

.to'poui-.the desired quantity off the Wax or other fuel into the container,and--then'while is Vstillsoft, the little candle handled by 1 .its upwardly projecting wick, maybe easily. and quickly introduced'into the melted wax and pushed downwardlyuntilth'e supportv rests uponthe 'bottoni of the container. .It

.isirotnecessa-ry to wait for .the cooling of Y the-wax or'ffuel because-the support 5 for.y the candle will maintain -it in a properly uplright and centered position.

Figs. 1, 2 and 3 correctly represent. the

successivel stages .inthe operation of our iml "proved device, that is to-say, Figi 1 shows the nished-l'amp as presented: to the public, Fig.` l2 shows the lamp afterV it has been burn'- ing for some time. It will be noted" that the A. candle 3 has -f burned downsomewhat and 4that a part 'of the fuel or wax has also ,been

consumed, the level of. the melted wax 'being inch or thereabouts ofthe upper surface 6 of the melted waxand this. relation of the parts extends throughout the entire building of the light, so that the .wick has a permanent, reliablesupport practically up to the -K y level of the'inolten wax, so that it is impossible for it :'to sag or subside `into the molten fuel...

yThe difference in melting point between the wick supporting candle and the body. of' i the fuel need be sufficientvv only to insure the slower melt-ing ofthe candle, 'so that it shall remaln as' a suitableasupport `for thel wick and the difference .inmelting 4point may, ob-` -viously, be regulated so as to cause the candle to .maintain substantially its original form and solidity 'fora' distance tofreach slightly above oreven with'or slightly below'the surface of the molten fuel, as may be preferred, the latter relation being the' y one illustrated 'in the-drawings. We have .l

found that while `there isy no essentially nec 'essary' degree of difference in melting point,

yet that la differentiation offrom 2O to' 30 de rees is useful.

aving described our invention we. claim:

t 1. As a complete, unitary article of manufacture, a night light comprising a container, a body of fusible fuel immovably held in the container, and' a w ich-'support-l ing candle having a higher meltmg point than thefusible fuel,.molded in and nnmov ably held bythe fusible-fuel. 2, As' a completeunitary article of manufacture, la, lnight light comprising a `cony.

tainer, abody of fusible fuel immovably held in 'the container, a.y Wick-supporting candle having a highermelting point than the fusible fuel, molded in and immovably held by the fusible fuel,v and anon-floating' supportfor the'lower end` ofthe candle.

. 3.. As a complete, unitary vartlcle of manufacture, a night light comprising a translucent container, a body of fusible fuel 1111-.

movably held in and only partially filling" the container, a wick-supporting candle having a higher melting point than Ithe fusible fuel and immovably molded init, and a non-floating support for the lower end of the candle resting upon the 4bottom of the container and immovably embedded in and held by' the body of fusible fuel.v

Y 4. i Asa complete, unitary article of manufacture, a night light comprising a translucent container adapted toindep'endent and subsequent use,'a body of fusible fuel which nnlv partially fills the container. and ism- Liv/mst candle having a higher melting point than 1,0 the fusible fuel molded in and immovably held by the fusible fuel.

In testimony whereof We have signed our names to this specification,

CHARLES HAWKINS. CHARLES W. SMITH. HERBERT E. SCHANZENBACH. 

